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Battle of Huoyi
The Battle of Huoyi (霍邑之戰; Wade-Giles: Huo-i) was fought in China on 8 September 617 between the forces of the rebel Duke of Tang, Li Yuan, and the army of the ruling Sui Dynasty. Li Yuan, with an army of ca. 25,000, was advancing south along the Fen River towards the imperial capital, Daxingcheng. His advance was stalled for two weeks due to heavy rainfall and he was met at the town of Huoyi by an elite Sui army of 20,000 (or 30,000) men. Li Yuan's cavalry, under the command of his two eldest sons, lured the Sui out of the protection of the city walls, but in the first clash between the two main armies, Li Yuan's forces were initially driven back. At that point, possibly due to a stratagem on Li Yuan's behalf, the arrival of the rest of the rebel army, or to the flanking manoeuvres of Li Yuan's cavalry, which had gotten behind the Sui army, the Sui troops collapsed and routed, fleeing back towards Huoyi. Li Yuan's cavalry, however, cut off their retreat. The battle was followed by the capture of weakly defended Huoyi, and the advance on Daxingcheng, which fell to the rebels in November. In the next year, Li Yuan deposed the Sui and proclaimed himself emperor, beginning the Tang Dynasty.
== Background ==
During the later reign of the second emperor of the Sui Dynasty, Yang, the dynasty's authority began to wane. The main reason was the immense material and human cost of the protracted and fruitless attempts to conquer the Korean kingdom of Goguryeo. Coupled with natural disasters, the conscription of more and more men for the war and the hoarding of scarce grain reserves for the army's needs increased provincial discontent.〔Wright (1979), pp. 143–147〕〔Graff (2002), pp. 145–153〕〔Wechsler (1979), p. 153〕 As a result, from 611 on rural revolts broke out across the empire, and with the emperor's prestige and legitimacy diminished by military failure, ambitious provincial magnates were encouraged to challenge his rule. Yang nevertheless continued to be fixated on the Korean campaigns, and only as unrest spread within the Empire and the powerful Eastern Turks turned hostile, did he realize the gravity of the situation: in 616, he abandoned the north and withdrew to Jiangdu, where he remained until his assassination in 618.〔Wright (1979), pp. 143–148〕〔Graff (2002), pp. 153–155〕〔Wechsler (1979), pp. 152–153〕
With the emperor's withdrawal from the scene, local governors and magnates emerged to claim power. Nine major contenders emerged, some claiming the imperial title for themselves, others, like Li Mi in Henan, contending themselves, for the time being, with more modest titles.〔Graff (2002), pp. 162–165〕 Among the most well-positioned contenders was Li Yuan, Duke of Tang and governor of Taiyuan in the northwest (modern Shanxi). A scion of a noble family related to the Sui dynasty, and with a distinguished career behind him, Li Yuan was an obvious candidate for the throne. His province possessed excellent natural defences, a heavily militarized population and was located near the capitals of Daxingcheng (Chang'an) and Luoyang.〔Wechsler (1979), pp. 150–154〕〔Graff (2002), p. 165〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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